“The Lord came from Sinai and revealed himself to Israel from Seir. He appeared in splendor from Mount Paran.” [Deuteronomy 33:2]

The meaning of this could be understood only in light of the statement of Allâh in the Qur’an (what means): {By the fig and the olive. And [by] Mount Sinai. And [by] this secure city [Makkah].} [At-Teen 1-3]

There is full compatibility between both in means and expression. Allâh Almighty swore by a great blessed land in which good appeared. Both the fig and olive are symbols of the blessed land where they were planted, which was the emigrating place of Abraham and the birth and residence of Jesus [peace be upon them]. Mount Sinai is the mount on which Allâh spoke to Moses [peace be upon him]. The secure city is Makkah, where the noblest of people, Muhammad [peace be upon him], was born and sent as a Prophet and also in which there is al-Bayt al-Harâm (the Ka‘bah).

The compatibility between the statements of the Torah and Qur’an lies in ‘Sinai’, which symbolizes the mount on which Allâh spoke to Moses [peace be upon him]; ‘Seir’ which symbolizes the blessed land where Jesus [peace be upon him] was born, lived, moved here and there and spread good among people; and ‘Paran’ which symbolizes the place where Ishmael, the grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad [peace be upon him] lived.

What draws attention is how would we know, by evidence, that Paran is the same blessed land where Ishmael, the grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad [peace be upon them], lived?

The evidence could be taken from the Torah itself in the story of Abraham [peace be upon him] with both his wives, Sara and Hagar. Hagar was Sara’s slave-girl before she became a wife of Abraham [peace be upon him] by giving birth to a child from him. Sara thought that Hagar’s mission was only to give birth to children and, meanwhile, remain her slave girl whom she could subjugate however she liked.

Although Hagar begot for Abraham [peace be upon him] a child who was the comfort and pleasure of Abraham’s eye and heart, Sara put her to humiliation. When she persisted in mortifying her, she sought the protection of her husband, Abraham [peace be upon him], who, in turn, left her to her mistress, Sara, by saying to her: “Since she is your servant and under your authority, (do to her whatever you see best).” She harmed her more and more until she forced her to run away in the hunt for salvation from her suffering. On the way, she met the Lord’s angel who said to her: “What is the matter with you O Hagar? Do not panic because Allâh has heard the babe’s voice where he is. Stand up and carry the babe and straighten your hand because I will make him (the father of) a great nation.” Allâh then opened her eyes and she saw a well of water to which she went and filled a water-skin with water and watered the babe. Allâh cared for the babe who grew up and lived in the wild desert and became an archer. He resided in the Paran desert and his mother took for him an Egyptian wife.

It seems clear from the Torah that it was Ishmael [peace be upon him] who lived in the desert of Paran. It may be that Allâh, out of His wisdom, allowed for such a schism to break up in the house of Abraham [peace be upon him] in order that Ishmael [peace be upon him] would establish himself in a land to be his own. This was the prophecy which came on the tongue of Moses [peace be upon him]: “He appeared in splendor from Mount Paran.”[1] [Deuteronomy 33:2]

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