Short Description
Taoism emerged in China around the first century CE and is named for the Chinese word Tao (Way or Path).
Taoism emerged in China around the first century CE and is named for the Chinese word Tao (Way or Path). The Tao is a natural force, the Way of the Universe, which guides all life. Living in harmony with the Tao brings peace and happiness; struggling against it brings suffering.
The balance of the universe is created by the forces of yin and yang—opposite forces in continual interaction and change, giving order to all life. Yin is heavy, dark, moist, earthy, and is associated with the feminine. Yang is airy, light, dry, hot, heavenly, and associated with the masculine. All forms of life are either predominantly yin or yang, but never exclusively so. The well-known yin/yang symbol represents the two forces in balance, but each containing a speck of the other.
From the 5th to the 3rd century BCE, much was written on the significance of the Tao, most significantly the Tao Te Ching of Lao Tzu, the Book of the sage Chuang Tzu, and the writings of Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius). They are still influential to this day, but there are also hundreds of other Taoist texts. By the 14th century CE, over 1440 of these had been collected together to form the Taoist Canon.
Traditional Taoist practices include the exorcism of evil spirits and ghosts, divination in various forms, and the worship of deities, many of whom have specific roles such as help in childbirth or different illnesses. The art of feng shui, or geomancy, is also practiced in order to build in accordance with the Tao of the landscape.
Major festivals are Chinese New Year (January/February) and the mid-autumn Moon festival.
Because of the repression of religion in China, it is impossible to estimate the number of Taoists. However, the number of male and female Taoist priests in China is growing rapidly, and now stands at around 15,000. New temples are being opened and old ones restored. Taoist traditions are followed by members of Chinese communities throughout the world, and Taoist thought, literature, and philosophy is becoming increasingly popular with non-Chinese followers. The China Taoist Association promotes Taoism in China, although its function is partly political rather than religious.
http://www.ajmalbeig.addr.com/islam/religions.htm#Buddhism
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