Qur'an Recited in Turkish

28^th of Rajab 1344AH, 21 February 1925 : the Turkish government under Ataturk decided to read the Quran in Turkish rather than Arabic, arguing that the Turks can not pronounce and write some Arabic letters.

Mollet Given Free Hand in Algeria

28^th of Rajab 1375AH, 12 March 1956 : the French parliament gave Prime Minister "Guy Mollet" special powers in Algeria during the Algerian revolution. Mollet was one of the French Socialist Party leaders. He headed the government in 1956 during the tripartite attack on Egypt, but his government fell in 1957.

Ottomans Besiege Vienna Again

28^th of Rajab 1094AH, 14 June 1683 : The Ottoman army led by Sultan Mohamed IV began the second siege of the Austrian capital Vienna after 154 days of the first siege during the tenure of Sultan Sulayman Al-Qanouni. The second siege lasted 59 days without conquering Vienna

Death of Sayed Ibrahim

28^th of Rajab 1414AH, 21 January 1994 : Death of clever calligrapher Sayed Ibrahim, one of the giants of calligraphy in the twentieth century. Beside his talent in calligraphy, he was also a good poet.

Birth of great economist Talaat Harb, founder of Banque Misr

28^th of Rajab 1284AH, 25 November 1867 : Birth of great economist Talaat Harb, founder of Banque Misr, which established some Egyptian industries such as yarn and textile industry and movie industry.

Death of Ahmed Ali Bakathir

28^th of Rajab 1389AH, 10 November 1969 : Death of great writer Ahmed Ali Bakathir. Originally from Hadhramaut in Yemen, he studied and lived in Cairo. He wrote poetry, drama and historical novels. The most famous of his works are "Al-Malhamah Al-Omariyah" (Omar's lyric) and "Wa Islamah" (Oh my Islam) novel.

Death of Mohamed Rifa'at Ahmed

28^th of Rajab 1395AH, 6 August 1975 : Death of historian Mohamed Rifa'at Ahmed. He was born in Cairo in 1889 and studied at the higher teachers' school. He completed his education in England. After his return, he took over several scientific and administrative positions. He was appointed minister of education. He was elected a member of the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo.

Iraqi Forces Bombard Halabja

29^thof Rajab 1408AH, 17 March 1988 : Iraqi forces bombarded the Iraqi Kurdish town of Halabja with chemical weapons during the Iraq-Iran war, thus killing approximately 5000 people and injuring 10000 others.

Khedive Ismail Ousted

29^thof Rajab 1297AH, 8 July 1879 : Khedive Ismail was deposed from the rule of Egypt upon a decree issued by the Ottoman sultan, spurred on by Britain and France, which saw Ismail as a threat to their interests, whether their interests in Africa or for fear of the growth of Egyptian national spirit after the famous April uprising.

Death of Gamal Al-Din Al-Shayal

29^th of Rajab 1387AH, 2 November 1967 : Death of great historian Gamal Al-Din Al-Shayal, dean of the Faculty of Arts at Alexandria University and professor of Islamic history. He was one of the genius historians in the twentieth century. He had many writings and research in historical heritage.

Patrice Lumumba Assassinated

29th of Rajab 1381AH, 17 January 1961 : Assassination of Patrice Lumumba, a leader and revolutionist born in the province of Kasai in Congo. He participated in political action and founded the National Movement Party. He headed Congo's government in the wake of independence in 1960.

Death of Imam Al-Shafi'i

30^th of Rajab 204AH, 20 January 820 : Death of Imam Mohamed bin Idris bin Al-Abbas, known as Al-Shafi'i, founder of the Shafi'i school (of Islamic jurisprudence). He established the science of sources of jurisprudence and supported the Prophet's traditions. He was born in Gaza, studied in Mecca, Medina and Baghdad and settled in Egypt until he died. He left great writings, the most important of which are the two books of Al-Umm (the mother) and Al-Risalah (the message).

Caliphate Moves to Ottomans

30^th of Rajab 922AH, 29 August 1516 : The Islamic caliphate moved from Bani Abbas to Bani Othman. The last Abbasid caliph was Al-Mutawakil-Alallah, the 54th caliph in the Abbasid dynasty. He recognized the caliphate of Ottoman Sultan "Salim I". Salim I called himself "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" during the Friday sermon delivered at the Great Mosque in Aleppo.

Bologna's Army Seizes Khotin

30th of Rajab 1084 : AH, 10 November 1673 : Bologna's army led by "Sobiaski" and composed of 80 thousand troops seized Khotin, which is located along the river of Torla from the Ottomans after defeating the Ottoman army composed of 30 thousand soldiers in a battle that lasted 3 hours.

Abu-Nawas Newspaper Released

30th of Rajab 1327AH, 17 August 1909 : Sheikh Sulaiman Al-Gadoi issued a comic newspaper entitled Abu-Nawas, as he noticed the Tunisians' demand for the newspapers printed in vernacular. Only 15 issues of the paper were published.

Israel Withdraws from Gaza

30^th of Rajab 1376AH, 1 March 1927 : Israel declared withdrawal of its troops from the Gaza Strip and the Gulf of Aqaba, on the assumption that freedom of transit will continue in the Gulf of Aqaba and that the UN emergency troops will manage the Gaza Strip until reaching an agreement on peaceful settlement