Death of Ibn Zaidoun

1^st of Rajab 463AH 4, April 1071: Death of Abul-Walid Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Ahmed, alias "Ibn Zaidoun", the great Andalusian poet. He was born and grew up in Cordova. He took over the government more than once. He had poems and literary writings.

Birth of Jalalud-Din Al-Syouti

1^st of Rajab 849AH, 3 October 1445: Birth of encyclopedic scholar Jalal Eddin Abdel-Rahman bin Abi-Bakr, alias Jalal Eddin Al-Syouti, one of the senior scholars of jurisprudence, hadith, language, hi story and interpretation (of Holy Quran) in the ninth and tenth hijri centuries. He had many works, mainly including Jam' Al-Jawami' (collection of collections), Husn Al-Muhadarah (good lecture), Al-Dur Al-Manthour (scattered pearls) and Al-Ashbah wal Naza'er (Likes and isotopes).

Renewal of the Ottoman Empire

1^st of Rajab 1207AH, 24 February 1793: Ottoman Sultan Salim III issued a decree adopting the renewal movement within the Ottoman Empire after the retreat and failure that hit the state and made it lag behind European rivals.

Egyptian National Library Opened

1^st of Rajab 1287AH, 24 September 1870: Opening of the Egyptian National Library to the public for the first time after its e stablishment thanks to smart mini ster "Ali Mubarak".

Birth of Mustafa Kamel

1^st Rajab 1291AH, 14 August 1874: Birth of Egyptian leader Mustafa Kamel, founder of the National Party, the political program of which consisted of several articles, including: demand of Egypt's independence, drafting a constitution guaranteeing parliamentary control over the government and its work, dissemination of education and instilling national feeling.

End of British Mandate over Egypt

1^st of Rajab 1340AH, 28 February 1922 : Britain declared end of its mandate over Egypt and recognized the independence of Egypt, but with reservations on the issue of securing transportation, defence, protection of foreigners and the future of Sudan. Examination of the reservations were post poned pending further negotiations.

Tunisian Prime Minister Arrested

1^st Rajab 1371AH, 26 March 1952 : French resident in Tunisia arre sted Tunisian Prime Mini ster Mohammed Chaniq and a number of his mini sters and expelled them to the tribal south. The country remained without government for several days.

Restricting Investing in Sudanese Oil

1^st of Rajab 1422AH, 19 September 2001 : US admini stration drops a bill that was ready for presentation to the Congress providing for tightening sanctions on foreign companies that invest in Sudanese oil, as the bill prevented them from dealing on the US stock Exchange on the ground that oil revenues are recycled in the civil war.

Battle of Jalderan Outbreaks

2^nd of Rajab 920AH, 23 August 1514 : Battle of "Jalderan" took place between the Ottomans and the Safavid. The battle was decisive in the Ottoman-Safawi conflict, as Sultan "Selim I" eliminated the Safawi army in that battle, thus achieving security of his state against an enemy that was a real danger for a long time.

Birth of Gabrial Daniel Fahrenheit

2^nd of Rajab 1097AH, 24 May 1686 : The birth of Polish scientist "Gabrial Daniel Fahrenheit", inventor of "the mercury thermometer". He was the first to use mercury in thermometers. He died in 1736.

Ottomans Sign a Treaty with Iran

2^nd of Rajab 1144AH, 10 Jan 1732 : The Ottoman Empire signed a treaty with Iran. As per the treaty, Iran regained sovereignty over a number of cities, such as Tabriz, southern Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan and Hamadan.

France Fails to Storm Blida

2^nd of Rajab 1249AH, 26 Nov. 1830 : French troops failed to storm the town of Blida - at the beginning of the French occupation of Algeria - because of the brave resistance of its population.

First Death Sentence in the US

2^nd of Rajab 1342AH, 8 February 1924 : Implementation of the first death sentence in a gas chamber in the United States. It is known that 38 American states, out of 50, approved the death penalty, but the implementation of the sentence varies from one state to another. There are hanging, electric chair execution, execution in gas chambers, poisonous injection and shooting.

Birth of Alfred Bernard Nobel

2^nd of Rajab 1352AH, 21 October 1933 : The birth of Alfred Bernard Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite. When he died, he left a will, in which he allocated a large sum of money, from which annual awards are given to the best work in the fields of physics, medicine, physiology, literature and maintenance of international peace.

Death of Ahmed Muharram

2^nd of Rajab 1365AH, 13 June 1945 : The death of great poet Ahmed Muharram, one of great Arabic poets in the modern age.

Massacre of Deir Yassin

2^nd of Rajab 1367AH, 10 May 1948 : Gangs of Haganah (gangs of nomadic Jews), Irgun and Shtern committed the massacre of Deir Yassin in Jerusalem, where they raided at 2am the village of Deir Yassin and killed everyone who appeared in the range of their weapons. Also, they threw bombs inside houses to destroy them and their residents. The number of civilians killed in the massacre stood at 360 martyrs, most of them elderly, women and children. The village was destroyed and nothing remained but ruins.

UN Calls Israel to Withdraw from Egypt

2^nd of Rajab 1376AH, 2 February 1957 : The United Nations approved a resolution calling on Israel to withdraw from Egyptian territories it occupied. The UN also approved a resolution to expand the competence of the UN troops to become a barrier between Israel and Egypt. On the day following the issuance of the resolution, Israel refused to withdraw until the UN provided greater assurance to protect Israel.

Fall of Nicaea City

3^rd of Rajab 490AH, 16 June 1097 : The fall of Nicaea city, the capital of the Seljuk state, in the hands of crusaders in the first crusade, a campaign that resulted in the establishment of 4 crusade states, namely Al-Raha, Antioch, Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Ottomans Seize Gahrin

3^rd of Rajab 1089AH, 21 August The : Ottoman army seized "Gahrin" citadel in Ukraine after siege that lasted 32 days, during which 20 thousand Russian and Ukrainian soldiers were killed.

Death of Mahmoud Kabado

3^rd of Rajab 1288AH, 17 Sept. 1871: The death of reformist scholar Mahmoud Kabado, a senior scholar in Al-Zaitouna. He was the first Tunisian to teach at Pardo military school. He was a great poet.