Development of Bayt al-Mal over caliphate eras

Bayt al-Mal (State Treasury) has witnessed a remarkable development, especially under the Umayyad Caliphate, where there was a central department for the Bayt al-Mal in the capital of the caliphate in Damascus. It has also seen considerable development under the Abbasid Caliphate, as well as in Andalusia. The most distinguished characteristics of the Bayt al-Mal under the Mamluks was that it spent on wonderful facilities, especially mosques.

Police in Islam, its importance, criteria of choosing police chief

Police is considered one of the important offices in the Islamic State. Muslims have known the police system since the time of the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Muslims developed conditions and criteria of choosing the chief of police.

Police in the Islamic system

Police is considered one of the important offices in the Islamic State. Muslims have known the police system since the time of the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Muslims developed conditions and criteria for choosing the Chief of Police.

Hisbah in the Islamic administration system

Hisbah is a religious position, an application of the Islamic principle of enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil. It has witnessed great development in the Abbasid period and played a big role in the application of Hudud and penalties.

Mutasib and his role in the Islamic administration system

The job of the Muhtasib (the person in charge of Hisbah) was one of the important tasks in the Islamic civilization. Therefore the Muhtasib was keen on all that benefited Muslims. He used to choose what was appropriate for a position.

Army and its development in the Islamic administration system

In fact, the pre-Islam Arabians have not had an army, because they had been ruled by a tribal system. With the rise of Islam, organization was its slogan. Therefore, it was essential to build an army of Muslims.

Characteristics of the Islamic military

War in Islam has never been aggressive or meant for looting and plunder, or for worldly temporal gain, but rather for fighting to make the Word of Allah superior.

Muslim innovations in the field of war

Khalid ibn al-Wahid's innovative techniques in facing the Persian elephants in the Battle of al-Qadisiyah were a clear indication of the military innovative planning. The Islamic navy also played a great role in this creativity and innovation

The characteristics of the Islamic judiciary

The Islamic judiciary system has several characteristics, perhaps the most prominent of which is the fact that it adopted justice in dealing with all those who appear before its institutions. Keenness on justice was a main principle in establishing the Islamic civilization.

The Islamic judiciary system: innovation and development

As various races and ethnicities mixed within the framework of the Islamic civilization, it was necessary to have a stable, distinguished and organized judiciary system. So, the judiciary system was established and developed throughout different Islamic eras.

Selecting judges in Islam: Standards and methods

Judges are in charge of achieving justice and equality. Therefore, the Islamic law stipulated that they have to have certain qualities to carry out their duties perfectly. These qualities include knowledge, piety, justice and chastity.

Judge in Islam...his tasks and status

The judge's tasks included settling disputes, ending quarrels and litigation, restoring lost rights and returning them to their deservers, considering the funds of those in custody, applying judicial rulings, checking the eligibility of witnesses and secretaries, and selecting deputies.

Specialized judiciary in the Islamic civilization

The Abbasid Caliphate allocated special judges for the military in order to avoid overlap between the military personnel and civilians. This means that military courts have been known since ancient times of the Islamic civilization.

Control over judiciary in the Islamic system

The caliphate and governance system paid attention to the judiciary and judges. It tightened its control over them to prevent favoritism and injustice. It dismissed unjust and intolerant judges. Moreover, caliphs were keen on achieving justice.

Independence of judiciary in Islamic system

The submission of caliphs and princes to the power of the judiciary is solid evidence for the independence and freedom of the judiciary since the early period in the history of human civilization as a whole.

Divan of hearing complaints, establishment and development

As the life circumstances of the Islamic caliphate increased, the post of ombudsman emerged along with the post of judge and it developed to become an important judicial position with an independent divan meant for preventing injustice.

Divan of hearing complaints in various Islamic eras

There is no doubt that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was the first to apply the hearing of complaints. The rightly guided caliphs followed his suit afterwards. This kind of judiciary developed throughout the various Islamic eras.

Hospitals in Islamic civilization

Hospitals in the Islamic civilization are a great model that indicates the genius of Islamic mentality. Health establishment in Islam had a major role in providing healthcare and helping patients through hospitals. History carried brilliant names of doctors, whose contributions are still remembered by all people.